TRIBE RHODNIINI

Pinto, 1926 Synonym:  Psammolestiini Carcavallo 1976 (nomen nudum)   Genus PSAMMOLESTES Bergroth, 1911 Psammolestes arthuri (Pinto, 1926) Holotype F, allotype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Type locality: Venezuela (no further details given). Synonyms:    Eutriatoma arthuri Pinto, 1926    Psammolestes. salazari Aldana et al., 1996 (cf. Lent, 1997) Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela. Biology: silvatic, in woven stick birdnests, esp. of  Furnariidae and Dendrocolaptidae (Tc). Psammolestes coreodes Bergroth, 1911 Type: Universitats Zoologiska Museum, Helsinki. Type locality: not known. Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán), Bolivia, Paraguay. Biology: silvatic, in woven stick birdnests, esp. of  Furnariidae, occasionally parrot nests. Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg, 1965 Holotype M, allotype F, paratypes: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Type locality: Carmo de Rio Claro, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Synonym:     P. coreodes Costa Lima, 1934 Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Ceará, Goias, Mato Grosso). Biology: silvatic, in woven stick birdnests esp. of Furnariidae, has also been encountered in opossum lodge and in palm tree (Tc). Genus RHODNIUS Stal, 1859 Rhodnius brethesi Matta, 1919 Type: unknown. Type locality: Amazonas, Brazil. (from piassaba palm). Synonym:     R. prolixus Neiva & Pinto, 1923 (not Stal) Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Colombia, Venezuela. Biology: silvatic, almost exclusively in piassaba palms; has been taken at light; adults reported to fly to attack forest workers (Tc). Rhodnius colombiensis Moreno Mejía, Galvão & Jurberg, 1999. Holotype M, allotype F, paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Type locality: Totarco-Coyama, Tolima, Colombia. Synonyms: R. prolixus "sylvatic form" López & Moreno, 1995 R. pallescens "Tolima form" Schofield & Dujardin, 1999 Distribution: Colombia Biology: silvatic, in palm trees. Rhodnius dalessandroi Carcavallo & Barreto, 1976 Holotype M, allotype F, paratypes: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Type locality: Hacienda Guarapito, Barbascal, El Merey, San Martin, Prov.Meta, Colombia. Distribution: Colombia. Biology: silvatic, in palm trees. This species is broadly similar to R. brethesi, and was considered of doubtful validity by Lent & Wygodzinsky (1979) although its identity has been defended by Martínez (1984). Rhodnius domesticus Neiva & Pinto, 1923 Holotype F, paratypes MM: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Type locality: Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo). Biology: silvatic, mainly in Bromeliads (Tc). Rhodnius ecuadoriensis Lent & León, 1958 Holotype M, allotype F, paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Type locality: La Toma, Valle de Catamayo, Prov.de Loja, Ecuador. Synonym:    R. pallescens Cornejo, 1958 (not Barber) Distribution: South Colombia, Ecuador, North Peru. Biology: silvatic, mainly in palm trees; also peridomestic and occasionally domestic (Tc). Rhodnius milesi Carcavallo, Rocha, Galvão, Jurberg (in: Valente et al., 2001) Holotype M. paratypes M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Type locality: Municipio de Braganca, Pará, Brazil. Distribution: Brazil (Pará). Biology: silvatic, palm trees: Maximiliana regia and Attalea speciosa [note: appears very similar to R. dallesandroi] Rhodnius nasutus Stal, 1859 Type: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. Type locality: given by Stal as "Siará" (thought to be Ceará, Brazil). Synonym:    R. brumpti Pinto, 1925 (holotype M, paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro). Distribution: Brazil (Ceará, Piaui, RGN). Biology: silvatic, mainly in palm trees, occasionally furnariid bird nests; also peridomestic and occasionally in rural houses (Tc). Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 Holotype M, allotype F, paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Type locality: Fazenda Aguas Limpas, nr.Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Synonym:     R. prolixus Lent & Martins, 1940 (not Stal) Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, DF, Goias, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, São Paulo). Biology: silvatic, mainly in palm trees, occasionally birdnests; also peridomestic and occasionally domestic (Tc). Rhodnius neivai Lent, 1953 Holotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro Type locality: Camacaro, C.Parajara, Est.Lara, Venezuela. Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela. Biology: silvatic, mainly in palm trees, occasionally peridomestic and in rural houses. Rhodnius pallescens Barber, 1932 Type: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC. Type locality: type series collected at La Chorrera, Trinidad river and Cabima, Panama. Synonym:     R. dunni Pinto, 1932 (holotype F, paratype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro). Distribution: Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama. Biology: silvatic, mainly in palm trees, also in mammal and birdnests; often peridomestic and domestic in Panama (Tc) [principal vector in Panama]. Rhodnius paraensis Sherlock, Guitton & Miles, 1977 Holotype M, allotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Type locality: Utinga, Belem, Pará, Brazil (nests of Echimys). Distribution: Brazil (Pará). Biology: silvatic, known only from Echimys nests in forest canopy (Tc). Rhodnius pictipes Stal, 1872 Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm. Type locality: Amazonas, Brazil. Synonyms:    Conorhinus limosus Walker 1873 (part) (type: Natural History Museum, London). Rhodnius amazonicus Almeida, Santos & Sposina, 1973 (type: INPA, Manaus, Brazil). Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Goias, Mato Grosso, Pará), Colombia, Ecuador, Fr. Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela. Biology: silvatic, palm trees and bromeliads, also mammal and birdnests; occasionally peridomestic; has been taken at light; adults frequently fly into houses (Tc). Rhodnius prolixus Stal, 1859 Lectotype and paratype: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin Type locality: La Guayra, Venezuela Synonym: Conorhinus limosus Walker, 1873 (part) (type: Natural History Museum, London). Distribution: Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Venezuela. [note: R.prolixus has also been recorded from parts of Costa Rica, Fr. Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca), but now seems largely absent from these regions]. Biology: peridomestic and domestic (Tc) [principal vector in Colombia and Venezuela, and in Guatemala, Honduras and some parts of Nicaragua and El Salvador]. There are many reports of R. prolixus in silvatic habitats, especially in palm trees, but these may be misidentifications of morphologically similar species such as R. robustus in Venezuela and northern Brazil, R. neglectus in Central Brazil, or R. pallescens (Tolima form) in Colombia. No silvatic populations of R. prolixus have been found in Central America, and the status of ‘silvatic’ R. prolixus in Venezuela remains uncertain. Rhodnius robustus Larrousse, 1927 Type: said to be at Faculté de Médécine, Paris, but could not be traced by us. Type locality: The type locality was not designated in the original description. Two specimens were examined, one from Cayenne (Fr.Guiana) and the other from "Bouche de Tefé" (probably Amazonas, Brazil). Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Colombia, Ecuador, Fr.Guiana, Peru,Venezuela. Biology: silvatic, mainly in palms and bromeliads (Tc). Rhodnius stali Lent, Jurberg & Galvão, 1993 Holotype M, allotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro. Type locality: Salobra, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Synonym:    R. pictipes Stal, 1872 (part) Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Mato Grosso). Biology: silvatic, mainly in palms; occasionally peridomestic and domestic, especially in Bolivia (Tc). Note: R. jacundaensis Serra et al., 1980, is declared a nomen nudem under Article 9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (cf. Carcavallo et al., 1998b).