Synonyms:

   Conorhinus Laporte, 1833 (part)

   Meccus Stal, 1859

   Eutriatoma Pinto, 1926a,b

   Neotriatoma Pinto, 1931

   Triatomaptera Neiva & Lent, 1940

   Nesotriatoma Usinger, 1944

T. amicitiae Lent, 1951b

Holotype F: Natural History Museum, London.

Type locality: Wirawala, Sri Lanka.

Distribution: Sri Lanka.

Biology: unknown; (this species is known only from the holotype).

T. arthurneivai Lent & Martins, 1940

Holotype F, allotype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Paraná, São Paulo).

Biology: silvatic, mainly associated with rockpiles; occasionally peridomestic; adults attracted to light (Tc).

T. bassolsae Aguilar et al., 1999

Holotype M, paratypes MF: Dept. Parasitologia, ENCB-IPN, Mexico DF.

Paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro

Type locality: San Jerónimo Xayacatlán, Mcpo. Acatlan, Estado Puebla, Mexico (1213masl).

Distribution: Mexico (Puebla).

Biology: type series captured in houses and peridomestic habitats (Tc).

T. baratai Carcavallo & Jurberg, 2000

Holotype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Gruta do Carneiro, Fazenda Sao Miguel, Serra da Boquena, Boneto, Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (MS).

Biology: silvatic, known only from male holotype captured at light at cave entrance. [Note: very similar to T. williami].

T. barberi Usinger, 1939

Type: California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality: Cuernavaca, Mexico.

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, DF, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala).

Biology: silvatic, under rocks; peridomestic and domestic (Tc) [main vector in parts of central and southern Mexico].

T. bolivari Carcavallo, Martínez & Peláez, 1987

Holotype M, paratypes M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro

Type locality: near bridge over Rio San Jose, off the highway between Monotitlan and Santiago, Colima, Mexico.

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca).

Biology: silvatic habitats unknown; original specimens taken at light; further specimens found in peridomestic habitats.

T. bouvieri Larrousse, 1924

Type: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Type locality: Nha-Trang, Viet Nam.

Distribution: Nicobar Is., Philippines, Viet Nam.

Biology: unknown.

T. brailovskyi Martínez, Carcavallo & Peláez, 1984

Holotype M, paratypes M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: 15km south of Compostela, Nayarit, Mexico.

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit).

Biology: unknown; original specimens collected at light.

T. brasiliensis Neiva, 1911b

Holotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

Synonyms:

   T. brasiliensis melanica Neiva & Lent, 1941

   T. brasiliensis macromelanosoma Galvão, 1956

Distribution: Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Sergipe, RGN).

Biology: silvatic, mainly in rockpiles associated with Caviid rodents; peridomestic and domestic (Tc) [main vector in the caatinga area of northeastern Brazil].

T. breyeri Del Ponte, 1929

Holotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro

Type locality: La Rioja, Argentina

Synonym:

    T. breyeri dallasi Neiva & Lent, 1941

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja).

Biology: silvatic, mainly amongst rockpiles associated with rodents; occasionally in houses attracted by light.

T. bruneri (Usinger, 1944) re-erected by Lent & Jurberg, 1981

Type: California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality: Cuba (eastern Cuba, Usinger (1944)).

Synonym:

    T. flavida (part) Neiva, 1911c

Distribution: Cuba.

Biology: silvatic, in coastal caves.

T. carcavalloi Jurberg et al., 1998

Type, paratypes FF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (RGS).

Biology: This species was described from four females found in houses – apparently attracted by light – together with T. rubrovaria, to which it is morphologically very close.

T. carrioni Larrousse, 1926

Type: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.

Paratype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Loja, Ecuador.

Distribution: South Ecuador, North Peru.

Biology: silvatic, rodent nests and opossum lodges; also peridomestic, and occasionally in houses (Tc).

T. cavernicola Else & Cheong, in Else et al.,1977

Type: Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Paratypes: NHM, London; FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: limestone cave, Perlis, northern Malaysia.

Distribution: Malaysia.

Biology: silvatic, in caves.

T. circummaculata (Stal, 1859)

Type and Paratypes: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin.

Type locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Synonyms:

   Neotriatoma limai Prosen & Martinez 1951 (not Del Ponte)

   Triatoma circunmaculata Carcavallo et al., 1997

Distribution: Argentina (Bs.As.), Brazil (RGS), Uruguay.

Biology: silvatic under rockpiles; occasionally peridomestic in stone walls (Tc).

T. costalimai Verano & Galvão, 1958

Cotypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: limestone rocks, Taguatinga, Goias, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Goias).

Biology: silvatic, amongst limestone rockpiles; adults occasionally enter houses probably attracted by light (Tc).

T. deaneorum Galvão, Souza & Lima, 1967

Holotype M: Instituto Butantan, São Paulo.

Type locality: Fazenda Antônio Bueno Faria, Municipio de Piranhas, Goias, Bahia.

Synonym:

Triatoma deanei Galvão, Souza & Lima, 1967 (name amended by Galvão et al., 2001).

Distribution: Brazil (Goias).

Biology: unknown; original specimens collected in rural house.

T. delpontei Romaña & Abalos, 1947

Type: Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina.

Paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Salta, Santiago del Estero), Paraguay, Uruguay.

Biology: silvatic, especially in nests of monk parrots; some adult specimens have been collected in peridomestic habitats and in houses (Tc).

T. dimidiata (Latreille, 1811)

Type: unknown.

Type locality: Peru (Tumbes?).

Synonyms:

   Reduvius dimidiatus Latreille, 1811

   Conorhinus maculipennis Stal, 1859 (type: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin).

   Triatoma capitata Usinger, 1941 (type: California Academy of Sciences).

Distribution: Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan), Nicaragua, North Peru, Venezuela.

Biology: very wide range of silvatic ecotopes including rockpiles, bat-caves, woodpiles, hollow trees and under tree bark; frequently peridomestic and domestic (Tc) [important vector in parts of Mexico, Central America, Colombia and Ecuador].

T. dispar Lent, 195

Holotype F: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.

Type locality: Naranjapata, Ecuador.

Synonyms:

   Conorrhinus venosus Champion, 1899 (not Stal)

   Triatoma venosa Usinger, 1944 (not Stal)

Distribution: Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama.

Biology: silvatic, in forest canopy; occasionally encountered in dwellings, possibly attracted by light (Tc).

T. eratyrusiformis Del Ponte, 1929

Type: Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales.

Type locality: Catamarca, Argentina.

Synonyms:

   Triatoma eratyrusiforme Del Ponte, 1929

   Triatoma niñoi Carcavallo et al., 1964 (type: Carcavallo Collection, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro).

   Eratyrus eratyrusiforme Pinto, 1931

Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Chubut, Córdoba, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, San Juan, San Luis, Salta, Tucumán).

Biology: silvatic, especially amongst rockpiles; occasionally peridomestic amongst stone walls and woodpiles (Tc).

T. flavida Neiva, 1911c

Type: US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.

Paratype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Synonym:

   Eutriatoma flavida Pinto, 1931. Type locality: Cuba (no further details given); western Cuba (Usinger,1944).

Distribution: Cuba.

Biology: silvatic, in caves; adults have been reported entering nearby houses.

T. garciabesi Carcavallo et al., 1967

Type, paratypes: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Synonym:

     Triatoma sordida (Stal, 1859) (part). Type locality: Pagancillo, La Rioja, Argentina.

Distribution: Argentina (Córdoba, La Rioja, Salta, Santiago del Estero).

Biology: wide range of silvatic habitats, especially rodent nests; this species was synonymised with T. sordida by Lent & Wygodzinsky (1979) but revalidated by Jurberg et al. (1998). (Tc).

T. gerstaeckeri (Stal, 1859)

Type: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin.

Type locality: Texas, USA.

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas), USA (New Mexico, Texas).

Biology: silvatic, nests of woodrats and opossums; frequently peridomestic and occasionally enters houses (Tc).

T. gomeznunezi Martinez, Carcavallo & Jurberg, 1994

Holotype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Candelaria Loxica, Portillo del Rayo, Oaxaca, Mexico.

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca).

Biology: (only known from holotype, captured at light in tropical forest).

T. guasayana Wygodzinsky & Abalos, 1949.

Type: Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumán.

Paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

Distribution: Argentina (Bs.As., Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Tucumán), Bolivia, Paraguay.

Biology: wide range of silvatic ecotopes including under treebark, amongst rockpiles, woodpiles, burrows and rodent shelters; frequently peridomestic and occasionally domestic (Tc).

T. guazu Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1979

Holotype F: American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Allotype M: FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Villarica, Paraguay.

Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso), Paraguay.

Biology: rare species so far collected only in peridomestic habitats; silvatic habitats unknown (probably mammal nests).

T. hegneri Mazzotti, 1940

Type: Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, Mexico.

Paratype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Cozumel Island and Quintana Roo (Mexico).

Distribution: Mexico (Quintana Roo).

Biology: known only from peridomestic habitats on Cozumel Island; has been collected at light (Tc).

T. incrassata Usinger, 1939

Type: California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality: "Valley of Mexico", Mexico.

Synonyms:

   T. incrassata incrassata Ryckman, 1962

   T. incrassata apachensis Ryckman, 1962

Distribution: Mexico (Sonora), USA (Arizona).

Biology: silvatic, invariably associated with rodent nests especially Neotoma sp.

T. indictiva Neiva, 1912

Type: US National Museum, Washington DC.

Paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Kerville, Texas, USA.

Synonyms:

   T. sanguisuga indictiva Usinger, 1944

   T. s. occidentalis Usinger, 1944

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa), USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas).

Biology: silvatic, invariably associated with Neotoma nests.

T. infestans (Klug, 1834).

Type: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin.

Type locality: Argentina.

Synonyms:

   Reduvius infestans Klug in Meyen,1834

   Conorhinus infestans Berg, 1879

   C. renggeri Herrich-Schaefer, 1848

   C. sex-tuberculatus Spinola, 1852

   C. paulseni Philippi, 1860

   C. octotuberculatus Philippi, 1860

   C. gracilipes Philippi, 1860

   C. gigas Burmeister, 1861 (not Fabricius)

   C. nigrovarius Blanchard, 1890

   T. sordelli Dios & Zuccarini, 1926

   T. mazzae Jorg, 1937

   T. oswaldoi Neiva & Pinto, 1923c (holotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro)

   T. infestans erythrophthalmus Noé & Silva, 1949

Distribution: Argentina (Bs.As., Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán), Bolivia, Brazil (Alagoas, Ceará, Bahia, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Parana, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, RGS, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo), Chile, Paraguay, South Peru, Uruguay. (note however, that the current distribution of T.infestans is being greatly reduced by control interventions, especially in Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and parts of Argentina).

Biology: silvatic colonies are known only from the Cochabamba and Sucre regions of central Bolivia, where T. infestans can occasionally be found amongst rockpiles associated with Caviid rodents; colonies of a dark form of T. infestans have also been found in parrot nests amongst rocky cliffs in the chaco region of Bolivia. Elsewhere, this species seems to be exclusively domestic, although peridomestic colonies are also common in regions with a climate more-or-less similar to that of central Bolivia (eg. southern Brazil, Uruguay, northern and central Argentina, southern Peru).(Tc) [most important vector in southern cone countries].

T. jurbergi Carcavallo et al. 1998b

Holotype M, allotype F, paratypes MF: Carcavallo collection, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso).

Biology: unknown; collected in a house in Rondonópolis during routine captures by Ministry of Health personnel. This species is very similar to T. guazu which has been captured in houses in the same region.

T. klugi Carcavallo et al., 2001

Holotype M, paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Morro Malakov, Municipio de Nova Petropolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (RGS).

Biology: silvatic , in cracks in cliff face, 700-800 masl.

T. lecticularia (Stal, 1859)

Lectotype: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin.

Type locality: South Carolina, USA.

Synonyms:

   Conorhinus lecticularius Stal, 1859 (type unknown)

   C. variegatus Stal, 1872 (part)

   C. heidemanni Patton & Cragg, 1913

   T. heidemanni Neiva, 1911c (type: US National Museum, Washington DC).

   T. occulta Neiva, 1911c (type: US National Museum, Washington DC).

   T. sanguisuga Neiva, 1914 (part)

   T. lecticularius occulta Usinger, 1944 (paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro).

   T. lecticularius floridana Usinger, 1944

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León), USA (Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Mexico, N.Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, S.Carolina, Tennessee, Texas).

Biology: silvatic, in woodrat nests; occasionally found in peridomestic habitats (Tc).

T. lenti Sherlock & Serafim, 1967

Holotype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Macaubas, Bahia, Brazil.

Synonyms:

   T. bahiensis Sherlock & Serafim, 1967 (paratype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro).

   T. pessoai Sherlock & Serafim, 1967 (paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro).

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia).

Biology: silvatic, associated with rodent nests in stony places; occasionally found in peridomestic and domestic habitats (Tc).

T. leopoldi (Schoudeten, 1933).

Type: Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.

Type locality: Papua New Guinea.

Synonyms:

   Conorhinus leopoldi Schoudeten, 1933

   T. novaeguineae Miller, 1958 (type: Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden).

Distribution: Australia (N.Queensland), Indonesia (W.Irian, Sulawesi), Papua New Guinea.

Biology: unknown; has been collected at light.

T. limai Del Ponte, 1929

Holotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Córdoba, Argentina.

Synonym:

   T. circummaculata limai Carcavallo & Martínez, 1968

Distribution: Argentina (Córdoba).

Biology: silvatic, under rocks; has been taken at light.

T. longipennis Usinger, 1939

Type: California Academy of Sciences.

Paratype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Venedio, Mazatlan, Mexico.

Synonyms:

   T. phyllosoma intermedia Usinger, 1944

   T. p. longipennis Usinger, 1944

   T. p. usingeri (part) Mazzotti, 1943

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Zacatecas).

Biology: silvatic, dry areas, caves; occasionally peridomestic and domestic (Tc).

T. maculata (Erichson, 1848)

Type: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin.

Type locality: Guyana.

Synonyms:

    Conorhinus immaculata Patton & Cragg, 1913

Distribution: Aruba, Bonaire, Brazil (Roraima), Colombia, Curacão, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela.

Biology: wide range of silvatic ecotopes including hollow trees, under bark, birdnests and palm tree crowns; frequently colonises peridomestic habitats, occasionally domestic (Tc).

T. matogrossensis Leite & Barbosa, 1953

Holotype M, allotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Aquidauana, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso).

Biology: silvatic habitats unknown; has been collected in peridomestic and domestic habitats (Tc).

T. mazzottii Usinger, 1941

Type: California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality: Costa Chica de Oaxaca, Mexico

Synonyms:

   Meccus phyllosoma Champion, 1899 (not Burmeister)

   T. phyllosoma mazzottii Usinger, 1944

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Guerrero, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca).

Biology: silvatic, rodent nests in dry areas; frequently peridomestic, occasionally domestic (Tc).

T. melanocephala Neiva & Pinto, 1923b

Holotype F, paratype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Bahia, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Paraiba, Pernambuco).

Biology: silvatic, amongst Bromeliads; adults have been collected in houses (Tc).

T. melanosoma Martínez et al., 1987

Holotype M, paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Colonia Santa Rosa, Depto.San Ignacio, Misiones, Argentina.

Synonyms:

   T. infestans melanosoma Martínez et al., 1987 (cf. Lent et al., 1994b).

   T. funerea Carpintero & Leguizamón, 1994 (cf. Lent et al., 1995b).

 Distribution: Argentina (Misiones).

Biology: collected in peridomestic habitats, occasionally in houses (Tc).

T. mexicana (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848)

Type: unknown.

Type locality: Mexico.

Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Queretaro).

Biology: rare species, silvatic habitats unknown; has been taken at light

(note that T. mexicana Neiva, 1912, is a synonym of T. rubida).

T. migrans Breddin, 1903

Type: Deutches Entomologisches Institut.

Type locality: ‘south Java’.

Synonym:

   T. pallidula Miller, 1941 (type: NHM, London)

Distribution: India (Sikkim), Indonesia (Borneo, Java, Sumatra), Malaysia, Philippines, Sarawak, Thailand.

Biology: silvatic, in hollow trees.

T. neotomae Neiva, 1911d

Type: US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.

Cotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Brownsville (Los Barregos), Texas, USA.

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas).

Biology: silvatic, invariably associated with woodrats (Neotoma sp)(Tc).

T. nigromaculata (Stal, 1872)

Type: unknown.

Type locality: La Guayra,Venezuela.

Synonym:

   Conorhinus variegatus Stal, 1859 (not Drury)(type: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin).

Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela.

Biology: silvatic, birdnests and hollow trees; adults have been found in peridomestic habitats and occasionally in houses – apparently attracted by light (Tc).

T. nitida Usinger, 1939

Type: AMNH, New York.

Type locality: Sabranetas, La Roja, Guatemala.

Distribution: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Yucatan).

Biology: silvatic, in rodent nests; occasionally peridomestic (Tc).

T. obscura (Maldonado & Farr, 1962)

Holotype M: Institute of Jamaica, Kingston..

Type locality: Jamaica.

Distribution: Jamaica.

Biology: unknown; has occasionally been collected in domestic habitats.

T. oliveirai (Neiva et al., 1939)

Holotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (RGS).

Biology: silvatic, amongst rocks associated with caviid rodents.

T. pallidipennis (Stal, 1872)

Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stokholm.

Type locality: Mexico (no further details given).

Synonyms:

   Meccus pallidipennis Stal, 1872

   Triatoma phyllosoma pallidipennis Usinger, 1944

   T. p. usingeri Mazzotti, 1943 (part)

   Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla).

Biology: silvatic, often associated with rodents in rocky areas; frequently peridomestic and domestic (Tc) [important vector in parts of central and southern Mexico].

T. patagonica Del Ponte, 1929

Type: Museo Argentino de Historia Natural.

Type locality: valle del Lago Blanco, San Luis, Argentina.

Synonym:

     T. gallardoi Carpintero, 1986

Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Córdoba, La Pampa, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, San Juan, San Luis).

Biology: silvatic, under stones and fallen trees, often with caviid rodents; frequently peridomestic; occasionally enters houses, presumably attracted by light (Tc).

T. peninsularis Usinger, 1940

Holotype M: California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality: Baja California, Mexico.

Synonym:

    T. protracta peninsularis Usinger, 1944 (allotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro).

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California).

Biology: silvatic, mainly in woodrat nests; adults sometimes fly to light (Tc).

T. petrochiae Pinto & Barreto, 1925

Holotype M, cotype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: RGN, Brazil.

Synonym:

    T. petrochii Pinto & Barreto, 1925 (spelling amended by Carcavallo et al., 1997).

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Pernambuco, RGN).

Biology: silvatic, rocky outcrops in arid conditions, frequently associated with Caviid rodents (Tc).

T. phyllosoma (Burmeister, 1835)

Holotype: unknown.

Paratype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Mexico (Isthmus of Tehuantepec?).

Synonym:

    Meccus phyllosomus Stal, 1872

Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca).

Biology: silvatic, rodent nests; frequently peridomestic and also found in houses (Tc).

T. picturata Usinger, 1939

Type: California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality: Nayarit, Mexico.

Synonym:

    T. phyllosoma picturata Usinger, 1944

Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca).

Biology: silvatic habitats unknown; has only been encountered in peridomestic habitats (Tc).

T. platensis Neiva, 1913

Type: Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires.

Paratype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: "Pampa Central", Argentina.

Synonym:

    T. rosenbuschi Mazza, 1936 (type: MEPRA, Buenos Aires)

Distribution: Argentina (Bs.As., Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Rio Negro, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Salta, Tucumán), S.Bolivia, Brazil (RGS), Paraguay, Uruguay.

Biology: silvatic, especially in furnariid birdnests; occasionally peridomestic (Tc).

T. protracta (Uhler, 1894)

Type: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.

Type locality: San Diego, California, USA.

Synonyms:

   Conorhinus protractus Uhler, 1894

   Conorhinus productus Johnson & Ledig, 1918

   T. p. nahuatlae Ryckman, 1962 (type: Ryckman collection, Loma Linda University, California).

   T. p. navajoensis Ryckman, 1962 (type: Ryckman collection, Loma Linda University, California).

   T. p. protracta Ryckman, 1962 (type: Ryckman collection, Loma Linda University, California).

   T. p. woodi Usinger, 1939 (type: Ryckman collection, Loma Linda University, California; paratype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro).

   T. p. zacatecensis Ryckman, 1962 (type: Ryckman collection, Loma Linda University, California).

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah).

Biology: silvatic, especially in woodrat nests but also in birdnests; occasionally enters peridomestic and domestic habitats, probably attracted by light (Tc).

T. pseudomaculata Correa & Espínola, 1964

Holotype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Municipio de Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.

Synonym:

    T. pseudomaculata minasensis Espinola, 1974

Distribution: Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, DF, Ceará, Goias, Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piaui, RGN, Sergipe).

Biology: silvatic, birdnests, hollow trees and under bark; frequently peridomestic and often domestic (Tc).

T. pugasi Lent, 1953b

Type: NHM, London.

Paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Blawan, Java.

Distribution: Indonesia (Java).

Biology: silvatic, hollow trees in forest.

T. recurva (Stal, 1868)

Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stokholm.

Type locality: Patagonia, Arizona, USA.

Synonyms:

   Conorhinus recurvus Stal, 1868

   Triatoma longipes Barber, 1937b (type: US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution).

   T. longipes nigricollis Usinger, 1944 (type: US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution).

   T. recurva nigricollis Ryckman & Ryckman, 1967

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora), USA (Arizona).

Biology: silvatic, associated with various rodents and reptiles in dry areas (Tc).

T. rubida (Uhler, 1894)

Type: US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico.

Synonyms:

   Conorhinus rubidus Uhler, 1894

   C. rubrofasciatus Champion, 1899 (not De Geer)

   T. uhleri Neiva, 1911d (type: US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; cotypes MF: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro).

   T. mexicana Neiva, 1912 (not Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848) (type: NHM London).

   C. uhleri Patton & Cragg, 1913

   Eutriatoma uhleri Pinto, 1931

   Eutriatoma mexicana Pinto, 1931

   C. rubrofasciatus var.mexicana Patton & Cragg, 1913

   T. ocellata Neiva, 1914 (type: US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution).

   T. maxima Van Duzee, 1916 (not Neiva)

   T. sonoriana Del Ponte, 1930 (type: NHM, London)

   T. rubida sonoriana Usinger, 1944 (type: Ryckman collection, Loma Linda University,  California).

   T. r. uhleri Usinger, 1944 (type: Ryckman collection, Loma Linda University, California)

   T. r. cochimiensis Ryckman, 1967 (type: Ryckman collection, Loma Linda University, California).

   T. r. jaegeri Ryckman, 1967 (type: Ryckman collection, Loma Linda University, California)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora, Vera Cruz)

Biology: silvatic, mainly associated with woodrats but also reported with bats; frequently peridomestic, even in some periurban areas of northern Mexico (Tc).

T. rubrofasciata (De Geer, 1773)

Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stokholm.

Type locality: "aux Indes" (Indonesia?).

Synonyms:

   Cimex rubro-fasciatus De Geer, 1773

   Cimex variegatus Drury, 1773

   Cimex gigas Gmelin, 1788

   Cimex claviger Gmelin, 1788

   Cimex erythrozonias Gmelin, 1788

   Conorhinus rubrofasciatus Amyot & Serville, 1843

   Conorhinus variegatus Stal, 1872 (part)

  Reduvius gigas Fabricius, 1775

   Reduvius variegatus Westwood, 1837

   Triatoma variegata Neiva, 1914

   Nabis gigas Latreille, 1804

   Triatoma gigas Laporte, 1832

   Conorhinus gigas Laporte, 1833

   Reduvius giganti Klug in Meyen, 1834

   Conorhinus stalii Signoret, 1860

   Conorhinus limbatus Schoudeten, 1907

   Triatoma rufofasciata Van Duzee, 1916

   Triatoma evandroi Figueiredo, 1938

Distribution: Andaman Is., Angola, Antigua, Argentina (Bs.As.), Azores, Bahamas, Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Maranhão, Pará, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, RGN, Sao Paulo, Sergipe), Cambodia, Carolina Is., China, Comores, Cuba, Dominican Rep., Fr.Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, HongKong, India (Assam), Indonesia (Borneo, Java, Sumatra), Jamaica, Japan (Okinawa), Madagascar, Malaysia, Martinique, Mauritius, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Reunion, Rodriguez Is., Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St.Croix, St.Vincent, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Virgin Is., USA (Florida, Hawaii).

Biology: silvatic habitats unknown, recorded from a wide range of peridomestic and domestic habitats, especially associated with rats (Tc).

T. rubrovaria (Blanchard, in Blanchard & Bulle, 1843)

Type: unknown; lectotype: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin.

Type locality: Maldonado, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Synonyms:

   Conorhinus rubro-varius Blanchard, 1843

   C. phyllosoma Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848 (not Burmeister)

   C. rubroniger Stal, 1859 (type: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin)

   Eutriatoma rubrovaria Pinto, 1931

   T. gomesi Neiva & Pinto, 1923d (type: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro)

   E. gomesi Pinto, 1931

   T. bruchi Mazza & Jorg, 1944

Distribution: Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones), Brazil (Parana, RGS), Uruguay.

Biology: silvatic, amongst rocky outcrops (pedregales); occasionally peridomestic and domestic (Tc).

T. ryckmani Zeledón & Ponce, 1972

Type: American Museum of Natural History, New York

Type locality: Honduras.

Distribution: Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.

Biology: silvatic, amongst bromeliads and under bark; some adults collected in houses.

T. sanguisuga (Leconte, 1855)

Type: Lectotype in Berlin. 

Type locality: Liberty County, Georgia, USA.

Synonyms:

   C. lateralis Stal, 1859 (type: Zoologische Museum, Berlin)

   C. variegatus Stal, 1872 (not Drury).

   T. sanguisuga ambigua Neiva, 1911d

   T. ambigua Davis et al., 1943 (type: US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian   Institute).

   T. pintoi Larrousse, 1926 (type: unknown; paratype F: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro).

   T. sanguisuga texana Usinger, 1944 (type: California Academy of Sciences).

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississipi, Missouri, N.Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, S.Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia).

Biology: silvatic, rodent and opossum nests, frequently enters peridomestic and domestic habitats, probably attracted to light (Tc).

T. sinaloensis Ryckman, 1962

Type: California Academy of Sciences.

Type locality: Mexico.

Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa, Sonora)

Biology: silvatic, invariably associated with woodrats especially amongst Cactaceae (Tc). This species is very close to T. peninsularis, but crosses between the two produce infertile eggs.

T. sinica Hsaio, 1965

Type: Nankai University Collection, Tientsin, China.

Type locality: Nanking, China.

Distribution: China (Nanking)

Biology: unknown

T. sordida (Stal, 1859)

Type: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin.

Type locality: Brazil (no further details given).

Synonyms:

   Conorhinus sordidus Stal, 1859

   Eutriatoma sordida Pinto, 1931

Distribution: Argentina (Bs.As., Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán), Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Goias, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piaui, RGS, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Paraguay, Uruguay.

Biology: wide range of silvatic ecotopes including woodpiles, hollow trees and under bark; frequently colonises peridomestic habitats especially chicken coops; occasionally domestic (Tc).

T. tibiamaculata (Pinto, 1926b)

Holotype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Japuyba, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe).

Biology: silvatic, especially in opossum lodges in bromeliads (Tc).

T. venosa (Stal, 1872)

Type: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm.

Type locality: "Nueva Grenada, Bogota," Colombia.

Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, Panama.

Biology: silvatic habitats unknown; specimens have only been collected in houses, generally at high altitudes (1600-2200m) (Tc).

T. vitticeps (Stal, 1859)

Type: Zoologisches Museum, Berlin.

Type locality: Conceição de Macabú, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Synonyms:

   T. chagasi Brumpt & Gomes, 1914 (type: Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo; type locality : Serra do Cabral, Minas Gerais, Brazil).

   T. holmbergi Del Ponte, 1923 (type: unknown).

   T. neivai Del Ponte, 1923 (type: unknown).

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro).

Biology: silvatic, opossum and rodent nests; frequently peridomestic and occasionally domestic (Tc).

T. williami Galvão, Souza & Lima, 1965

Allotype F, paratypes MF: Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo.

Paratype M: FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Municipio de Piranhas, Goias, Brazil.

Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Goias, Mato Grosso).

Biology: silvatic habitats unknown; the few specimens known have all been collected in houses, except for a single specimen from Bolivia collected with sandflies(Tc).

T. wygodzinskyi Lent, 1951c

Holotype F, allotype M, paratypes MF: FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro.

Type locality: Santa Rita de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Synonym:

    T. arthurneivai Pellegrino 1950 (not Lent & Martins).

Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais).

Biology: unknown.

INCERTAE CEDIS

T. arenaria (Walker, 1873)

Type: said to be at NHM London, but could not be found.

Type locality: Para, Brazil.

This species was not considered by Lent & Wygodzinsky (1979), presumably because neither the type nor other specimens could be located.